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業務回暖收入增長,券商投行人:我手頭工作變多了!
來源:第一財經作者:周楠2025-09-04 14:25

在一家龍頭券商投行部工作了幾年的方方,今年明顯感覺到,自己手頭的工作變多了。

“我主要看生物醫藥這塊,年內科創板第五套標準重啟,對這類企業有明顯的利好。”她說。券商人士李信也說,所在券商年內開展內部招聘,擬調配投行人員赴香港子公司,以便抓住港股IPO業務機遇。

今年以來,A股IPO受理數量增加、定增市場回暖,港股IPO亦持續火熱,為券商帶來了更多業務機遇。第一財經綜合券商中報及Wind數據發現,上半年,42家A股上市券商投行總營收超153億元,以投行業務手續費凈收入口徑計算,總收入達155億元,同比增長約18%。

龍頭券商的投行業績增長強勁。上半年,“三中一華”及國泰海通投行業務收入均超10億元。其中,中信證券投行收入達到20.54億元,中金公司投行收入較去年同期增長近150%,達到14.45億元。

上海師范大學商學院金融系副教授黃建中說,與同期相比,券商投行今年上半年的業績,在低基數基礎上回升,預計隨著大盤走強和政策松動,IPO市場將進一步回暖。

頭部券商投行均實現增收

今年上半年,A股股權市場活躍。公開數據顯示,上半年,A股(現金類及資產類)股權融資發行規模7741.36億元,同比增長347.55%。其中,IPO發行規模373.55億元,同比增長14.96% ;再融資(現金類及資產類)發行規模7367.81億元,同比增長424.47%。

在此背景下,多數上市券商實現了投行業務增收。按上述統計口徑上半年,42家上市券商中當期投行收入增長的有28家,占比超過六成。

領先行業的仍是龍頭券商。根據披露,中信證券上半年實現投行收入20.54億元,為上市券商中該項收入最高者。緊隨其后的是4家龍頭券商,為中金公司、國泰海通、華泰證券和中信建投,分別達到14.45億元、14.1億元、11.86億元和11.23億元。

一批大中型券商也頗有斬獲,上半年投行投入多在4億元到10億元區間,包括申萬宏源(8.87億元)、東方證券(7.2億元)、國聯民生(5.44元)、天風證券(4.25億元)等。當期投行收入在3億至4億元的,有國金證券、國信證券、廣發證券等。

從投行收入變動看,上半年,大型券商悉數實現了投行增收。其中,中金公司投行收入大增近150%。該公司稱,主要是由于上半年資本市場波動式上漲,因科創板跟投而持有的證券產生的收益凈額增加,投資銀行業務手續費及傭金收入的增長。

同期,招商證券投行收入同比增逾四成,國泰海通、華泰證券、東方證券等該項收入增幅超兩成。

中小券商里,華安證券、東興證券、西部證券等表現突出。上半年,華安證券投行收入1.18億元,同比增近230%;東興證券、西部證券當期投行收入分別為2.51億元、1.96億元,同比增幅均超100%。

與此同時,投行的“馬太效應”也繼續凸顯,一些小券商甚至面臨投行業務“不開張”的窘境,部分券商還因前期被暫停業務資格,導致年內IPO項目“顆粒無收”。

上半年,14家上市中小券商投行收入不足1億元,涉及首創證券、華西證券、中原證券等。其中,中原證券當期投行收入僅0.03億元,較去年同期減少0.18億元。該公司稱,主要為當期證券承銷業務收入減少。

數據顯示,華西證券上半年投行收入0.42億元,同比下降約13%,占當期營收比重僅2.02%,該公司稱,收入下滑主要是由于受行業集中度不斷提升、監管壓力持續增大、公司保薦業務資格暫停等影響,證券承銷業務收入減少所致。

去年4月,華西證券因在金通靈定增項目中未勤勉盡責,被江蘇證監局暫停保薦業務資格6個月。受此影響,上半年,華西證券未完成IPO、再融資、并購重組財務顧問、新三板推薦掛牌等股權融資項目。

港股火熱,券商增派人手

今年以來,港股IPO火熱,“A+H”模式升溫,也為大型中資券商帶來新機會。

數據顯示,上半年,港股IPO共完成42單,融資規模140億美元,同比增長713.7%;港股再融資及減持共完成155單,交易規模206.78億美元,同比增長493.3%。

這讓具有境外業務優勢的龍頭券商,實現了業務領跑。據中金公司披露,上半年,該公司拿下了寧德時代、海天味業的港股IPO等多個大單。其中,5月下旬登陸港股的寧德時代,實際募資額高達410.06億港元,成為年內港股IPO的“募資王”。

中信證券也拿下多個港股“大單”。該公司披露,上半年參與了年內首家“A+H”公司赤峰黃金的港股上市、2022年以來最大規模港股“18A”IPO映恩生物IPO、全球汽車行業有史以來規模最大的閃電配售比亞迪配售等項目。

另據披露,上半年,香港財務報告準則下,中信證券國際實現營業收入14.9億美元,同比增長53%;凈利潤3.9億美元,同比增長66%,經營業績創歷史同期新高。

港股市場持續火熱,為搶抓業務機遇,券商也在增派人手。

“港股IPO今年非常火熱,公司業務資源也明顯向這塊傾斜,后來派了大概20個人左右過去(香港),給的薪酬也很可觀。”李信說。

多家券商也表達了對香港市場業務的重視。中信證券在半年報中稱,包括該公司在內的中資券商,加大香港等地區的業務布局力度。

國金證券亦稱,公司將香港地區業務視為布局重點。該公司負責人稱,將強化香港本地團隊建設,建立行業專精團隊,并深耕科技、媒體及通信(TMT)、消費零售、醫療健康等優勢行業。

而對于要不要赴港做投行業務,李信也有顧慮,他說:“我們也在關注港股IPO的火熱是否能延續較久,或者公司在這一塊的業務傾斜是否能持續,如果有變動,后續會不會再減少人手。”

預計IPO將繼續轉暖

除了IPO,今年以來,定增市場也暖意濃濃。

Wind統計顯示,截至7月31日(按照定增股份上市日統計),今年有76家上市公司定增落地,實際募資金額達6633.02億元,2024年同期這兩項數據分別為67家、864.6億元,其中募資金額同比增長667.7%。

其中,“中郵交建”四家大型銀行年內合計定增融資5200億元,是推動定增市場融資金額同比大幅增長的主要原因。

黃建中結合數據分析稱,從年內股權融資市場結構看,定增市場明顯走熱。“原因之一是定增的門檻較低,是絕大多數上市公司的‘偏愛’。同時,上市銀行借此補充資本金的動力強勁,出現了一些銀行定增的’大單’。”他說。

定增市場的回暖也為券商投行帶來業務增量。中信證券披露,上半年,公司完成A股主承銷項目36單,承銷規模1485.28億元,并護航“中郵交建”四家國有銀行定增落地。

東方證券披露,上半年,該公司完成股權融資項目10單,其中,主承銷IPO項目1單, 再融資項目9單。

對于當前券商投行具體業務的劃分,黃建中提到:“大部分券商對投行人員做IPO還是再融資業務,劃分得不是很細,不過也有些券商專門找一部分人做再融資。從整體業務結構看,不同券商對此各有側重,比如有的券商更偏好做IPO,因為這類項目更賺錢。”

此外,記者了解到,目前,部分頭部券商投行部有一定比例的員工淘汰率。“淘汰率約在10%左右,如果組內有人主動離職,不算在淘汰率里面。”有券商人士稱。

(文中方方、李信均為化名)

責任編輯: 陳勇洲
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