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上半年券商研究所分倉傭金降超三成,行業競爭格局正在重構
來源:界面新聞作者:陳靖2025-09-04 12:35

備受矚目的2025年上半年券商分倉傭金數據已出爐。

受去年7月1日開始實施的《公開募集證券投資基金證券交易費用管理規定》(簡稱“傭金新規”)影響,行業格局發生顯著變化。Wind數據顯示,2025年上半年券商分倉傭金收入為44.58億元,較于去年同期的67.74億元同比下滑34%。即便在市場成交活躍度有所回升的情況下,傭金新規的影響依然顯著。

從頭部券商來看,排名前十的券商雖地位基本穩固,但傭金收入普遍下滑。中信證券(600030.SH)以3.47億元的分倉傭金收入穩居榜首,不過同比下滑33.52%。合并后的國泰海通(601211.SH)以2.83億元緊隨其后,上半年分倉傭金收入躍居第二,較年初排名大幅前進6位,但自身也面臨41.94%的同比下滑。

廣發證券(000776.SZ)和長江證券(000783.SZ)上半年總傭金分別為2.51億元、2.30億元,排名第三、第四,同比下滑35.34%和30.16%,名次較之前略有后移。華泰證券(601688.SH)以2.22億元排名第五,同比下滑18.98%,排名上升一位。

“頭部券商客戶基數大、傭金率調整空間大,新規實施后受到的沖擊自然更明顯。”某資深行業分析師對界面新聞表示,“盡管頭部券商在研究實力、客戶資源上仍具優勢,但降傭背景下,單純依賴分倉傭金的增長模式已難以為繼?!?/p>

從市場份額來看,前十家券商合計占據48.11%的市場份額,不過排名出現了一些變化。浙商證券(601878.SH)和申萬宏源(000166.SZ)在前十券商中進步明顯,浙商證券從去年底的第十升至第七,上半年分倉傭金收入1.65億元,同比僅下滑6.07%,展現出較強的抗風險能力。申萬宏源更是成為唯一一家新進入前十的券商,排名行業第十,分倉傭金收入1.52億元,同比下滑9.42%。

申萬宏源相關負責人在接受界面新聞采訪時表示,“面對降傭挑戰,公司通過構建‘投研+產研+政研’一體化體系,提升研究服務的廣度與深度,積極協同機構條線為客戶提供綜合金融服務,實現研究價值的跨業務轉化,這是其在市場競爭中脫穎而出的關鍵?!?/p>

與頭部券商的集體承壓不同,部分中小券商在降傭潮中實現逆勢增長,成為行業的一大亮點。華源證券和華福證券表現尤為突出,堪稱今年上半年的“逆襲黑馬”。

華源證券上半年分倉傭金收入同比暴增2163.26%,從較低基數躍升至4820.27萬元。華福證券分倉傭金收入增長321.34%,達到8683.08萬元。盡管兩者目前的分倉傭金規模與頭部券商相比仍有差距,但增速令人矚目。

界面新聞梳理發現,傭金新規實施后,券商研究所面臨的成本壓力加劇,人才流動也隨之加速。

界面新聞不完全統計發現,2025年上半年超200名分析師更換任職機構,涉及60余家券商,其中頭部券商凈流出184人,國金證券(600109.SH)、華福證券、華源證券等中小機構則成為“吸才主力”,公募、私募等買方機構承接了其中15%的分析師。

界面新聞從業內獲悉,降傭大背景下,“精簡基礎崗”是多家頭部調整的核心策略。傳統宏觀、策略等“大而全”的研究崗位首當其沖,部分分析師因部門縮編被迫轉崗或離職?!邦^部現在更傾向保留能直接對接業務的復合人才,單純寫報告的基礎崗生存空間越來越小?!蹦愁^部券商研究從業內人士坦言。

“傭金縮水倒逼行業生態重構,據我所知,某頭部券商研究部門預算壓縮10%-15%,分析師獎金普遍縮水40%以上?!庇幸恢行⌒腿虖臉I人士向界面新聞透露。

他表示,“收入下滑直接傳導到個人,部分基礎崗分析師月薪從3萬元降至2萬元以下。即便部分中小券商分倉傭金逆勢增長,但大家從薪酬方面來講仍以‘平跳’為主,換平臺更多是為了獲取細分賽道的客戶資源,而非單純漲薪。”

與頭部收縮形成反差的是,中小券商正通過“高薪+資源傾斜”加速擴充研究團隊。國金證券上半年新入職超20名分析師,位居行業吸納榜首;華福證券、華源證券也吸納超10人創近年新高。這些機構的挖人策略極具針對性,聚焦新能源、AI、硬科技等高景氣賽道,且優先招募頭部券商資深分析師。

“中小券商要在競爭中突圍,必須走差異化路線?!蹦橙绦袠I資深獵頭對界面新聞透露,“多家中小券商聚焦細分領域研究,吸引了一批對特定賽道有深度需求的客戶。同時,他們這兩年招聘力度確實很大,福利等也相約具有吸引力,通過精準定位,積極從頭部券商挖掘資深分析師,比較快速地提升了研究團隊實力?!?/p>

明星分析師的動向尤為引人關注,其中,中信建投首席策略陳果加盟東方財富證券任副所長,同時兼顧買方投研顧問工作;8月初,原財通證券研究所業務副所長、電新首席分析師張一弛正式入職華創證券,將擔任華創證券研究所副所長,同時負責中游制造研究中心及海外研究工作。9月,原國金證券策略首席張弛官宣加盟一家私募,擔任基金經理。

“買方吸引力主要來自薪酬穩定性,”上述金融獵頭對界面新聞表示,“賣方分析師收入與分倉傭金掛鉤,降傭后獎金縮水30%-50%,但買方收入更依賴長期業績提成,風險更可控?!?/p>

此外,券結模式(券商結算模式)的崛起,進一步加速了分析師能力結構的迭代。2025年上半年,券結模式產生的傭金占總傭金比例達12.44%,較2024年提升3個百分點。這種模式下,分析師需同時對接基金產品設計、代銷渠道、客戶持倉調整,傳統“純研究型”分析師已難以滿足需求。

頭部券商憑借強大的資源整合能力和客戶基礎,在券結模式、機構業務協同等方面積極布局。例如,中信證券券結模式下的總傭金為8471.39萬元,傭金席位占比高達15.22%,通過分析師與代銷部門的協同,為博道基金、睿遠基金等旗下明星產品提供全鏈條服務,實現研究價值的最大化。

“公募基金傭金分倉收入在研究所總創收中占比較高的研究所,所受沖擊相對更大。降傭背景下,券商研究所對分析師的考核更加注重業績轉化,單純做研究的分析師面臨較大壓力?!蹦橙萄芯克芾韺訉缑嫘侣劚硎?,“私募和買方機構在薪酬激勵、投資決策自主性等方面具有一定優勢,吸引了不少優秀分析師加入?!?/p>

責任編輯: 陳勇洲
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