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北交所四周年總市值超9000億
來源:第一財經(jīng)作者:周楠2025-09-02 14:26

9月2日,北交所迎來設(shè)立四周年。第一財經(jīng)獲得的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前,北交所上市公司已達(dá)274家,總市值超9000億元,全市場合格投資者超900萬戶。

北交所自設(shè)立之初就定位于“打造服務(wù)創(chuàng)新型中小企業(yè)主陣地”,歷經(jīng)四載,這一功能定位是否得以發(fā)揮?清華大學(xué)國家金融研究院院長、五道口金融學(xué)院副院長田軒對第一財經(jīng)表示,北交所設(shè)立四年來,總體展現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)健發(fā)展的態(tài)勢,逐步構(gòu)建起多層次資本市場體系的重要一環(huán),在服務(wù)創(chuàng)新型中小企業(yè)方面取得顯著成效。

今年以來,北交所IPO、新股上市、市場指數(shù)等均有所表現(xiàn),體現(xiàn)在IPO受理數(shù)領(lǐng)跑A股,多只新股“首秀”吸睛,在北證50帶動下市場流動性亦顯著改善。作為一家年輕的交易所,北交所改革步履不停,目前,“深改19條”落地兩年,年內(nèi),該所又推出了北證專精特新指數(shù)。

市場各方對北交所改革還有更多期許。多位市場人士告訴記者,希望北交所“深改19條”舉措加速落地,并加快推進(jìn)920代碼的整體“換裝”,同時加快ETF、公募可轉(zhuǎn)債、專精特新指數(shù)基金的設(shè)計和申報等。

274家公司總市值超9000億

北交所官網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,截至9月1日,該市場共有上市公司274家,較2021年11月開市之初(81家公司)增加逾3倍,總股本383.76億股,總市值9116.5億元。

從市值表現(xiàn)來看,根據(jù)Wind市值1指標(biāo),目前,北交所共有10家公司總市值超百億元,23家公司總市值在50億至100億元之間,合計占比約為12%。

北交所企業(yè)雖然規(guī)模相對較小,但盈利較為可觀。最新中報數(shù)據(jù)顯示,274家北交所公司上半年平均營收3.36億元,同比增長6.01%。其中,225家實現(xiàn)盈利,盈利面82.12%,當(dāng)期營收、凈利潤同比增長的分別有168家和137家,占比分別為61.31%和50%。

北交所投資者群體規(guī)模也不斷擴(kuò)大、結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。與前期對比,2021年11月開市之初,北交所有400多萬合格投資者和以公募基金為代表的機(jī)構(gòu)投資者,目前合格投資者總數(shù)增長約500萬戶。

整體來看,田軒認(rèn)為,北交所設(shè)立四年來,市場規(guī)模穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)容、流動性逐步改善,同時,市場生態(tài)持續(xù)優(yōu)化,中介機(jī)構(gòu)、基金公司、社保機(jī)構(gòu)等專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)投資者參與度不斷提高,市場透明度不斷提升。

在他看來,北交所在服務(wù)創(chuàng)新型中小企業(yè)方面展現(xiàn)出多重“包容性”,這體現(xiàn)在:上市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計上,針對中小企業(yè)特點(diǎn),設(shè)置多套差異化的上市標(biāo)準(zhǔn);發(fā)行審核環(huán)節(jié)上,強(qiáng)調(diào)對科技含量高、成長性強(qiáng)的企業(yè)的適應(yīng)性,適度放寬盈利要求;此外,信息披露、公司治理等方面也體現(xiàn)包容性與靈活性的平衡。

對于當(dāng)前北交所公司整體質(zhì)量,田軒認(rèn)為,量上,北交所公司數(shù)量穩(wěn)步增長,涵蓋了高端制造、信息技術(shù)、新材料等多個戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè);質(zhì)上,北交所公司整體質(zhì)量穩(wěn)步提升,經(jīng)營業(yè)績保持增長態(tài)勢。

流動性、IPO、新股均有所表現(xiàn)

在北交所四年發(fā)展中,改善流動性、吸引長線資金、提升上市公司質(zhì)量長期成為關(guān)鍵詞。今年以來,北交所的IPO、新股上市、指數(shù)漲幅均有所表現(xiàn)。

IPO方面,數(shù)據(jù)顯示,上半年,滬深北三大交易所共受理177家企業(yè)IPO申請,較去年同期增長453%。其中115家擬赴北交所上市,占比超六成。另據(jù)北交所官網(wǎng),上述企業(yè)中,110家處于問詢階段,5家IPO處于中止?fàn)顟B(tài)。

新股方面,年內(nèi),北交所打新熱度持續(xù)升溫,新股“首秀”表現(xiàn)十分亮眼。

上月開啟申購的宏遠(yuǎn)股份(920018.BJ),吸引了67.81萬戶投資者打新,最終獲配比例0.036%,共計凍結(jié)資金7408.33億元,創(chuàng)下北交所發(fā)行凍結(jié)資金紀(jì)錄。前期開放申購的志高機(jī)械(920101.BJ),凍資規(guī)模也超過7000億元。

不僅打新火熱,今年以來,北交所新股的上市“首秀”表現(xiàn)頗為吸睛,多股首日漲超4倍。廣信科技(920037.BJ)首日漲幅達(dá)500%;鼎佳精密(920005.BJ)、天工股份(920068.BJ)和星圖測控(920116.BJ),上市首日也均漲超400%。

北交所二級市場方面,上半年,北證50指數(shù)以近40%的漲幅,冠絕A股主要指數(shù)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,年初至6月底,上證指數(shù)區(qū)間漲幅2.76%,深成指、創(chuàng)業(yè)板指分別漲0.49%和0.53%,科創(chuàng)50漲1.46%,北證50的漲幅則高達(dá)39.45%。

隨著二級市場走強(qiáng),一批公司市值水漲船高。按上述統(tǒng)計口徑,錦波生物(832982.BJ)、貝特瑞(835185.BJ)的最新總市值均超過300億元。

對于北交所當(dāng)前的流動性,田軒認(rèn)為,該市場流動性顯著改善,成交量、成交額和換手率等指標(biāo)明顯提升。同時,在吸引長線資金方面,北交所推動公募基金、社?;稹⒈kU資金等專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)投資者入市,機(jī)構(gòu)投資者持股比例穩(wěn)步提升。

“今年以來,北證50在主要股指中表現(xiàn)突出,背后是政策驅(qū)動與市場信心回暖的雙重作用,也反映出市場對北交所上市公司成長性和發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ恼J(rèn)可。這在一定程度上緩解了北交所的流動性痛點(diǎn)。”他認(rèn)為。田軒也提到,北交所作為新興市場,流動性建設(shè)是一個長期過程。

市場期待更多政策“組合拳”

“改革”一直是圍繞北交所發(fā)展的核心關(guān)鍵詞。目前,“深改19條”落地兩年,市場對北交所的進(jìn)一步深化改革有所期待。

華興會計師事務(wù)所合伙人、副總裁朱為繹對記者表示,希望北交所“深改19條”更多舉措能加速落地,并抓緊推進(jìn)920代碼整體“換裝”,同時加快ETF、公募可轉(zhuǎn)債、專精特新指數(shù)基金的設(shè)計和申報,并推出北交所上市公司互動平臺,加強(qiáng)信息披露,落地“北交所+H股”,加快北交所國際化進(jìn)程。

北京南山投資創(chuàng)始人周運(yùn)南表示,目前,北交所日成交金額在300億元上下波動,前期最高達(dá)到600億元,希望北交所成交額進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,上市公司市值水平進(jìn)一步攀高。

IPO方面,隨著滬深I(lǐng)PO在2023年8月階段性收緊,北交所逐漸成為企業(yè)IPO首選地。北交所如何承接更多優(yōu)質(zhì)上市資源?

田軒認(rèn)為,北交所應(yīng)從多個維度協(xié)同發(fā)力,持續(xù)優(yōu)化市場生態(tài),提升對優(yōu)質(zhì)中小企業(yè)的吸引力和服務(wù)能力。首先,應(yīng)進(jìn)一步完善上市制度,適度降低企業(yè)上市的隱性成本和時間成本,簡化審核流程,提高審核效率。其次,加強(qiáng)與地方政府的合作,推動建立企業(yè)培育體系。同時,優(yōu)化中介機(jī)構(gòu)激勵約束機(jī)制,激發(fā)券商、會計師事務(wù)所等機(jī)構(gòu)積極參與北交所市場建設(shè),強(qiáng)化對“專精特新”企業(yè)的支持。

對于北交所當(dāng)前和下一階段的改革重點(diǎn),田軒認(rèn)為,總體而言,應(yīng)將重點(diǎn)聚焦于增強(qiáng)市場吸引力與服務(wù)能力。

他建議,可重點(diǎn)關(guān)注以下方面:一是進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化發(fā)行上市機(jī)制,探索契合創(chuàng)新型中小企業(yè)特點(diǎn)的多元化融資制度;二是著力提升市場流動性,通過引入更多長期資金、優(yōu)化做市商制度、豐富交易品種等方式,改善北交所的交易活躍度;三是強(qiáng)化持續(xù)監(jiān)管與服務(wù),加強(qiáng)信息披露監(jiān)管,提升企業(yè)治理水平和透明度等。

此外,田軒建議,北交所還需進(jìn)一步推動國際交流合作,吸引境外優(yōu)質(zhì)資本和企業(yè)參與,拓展市場廣度與深度,提升北交所的國際化水平。

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