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金融活水潤澤西藏特色經濟“格桑花”丨證券時報、西藏日報聯合調研報道
來源:證券時報網作者:聯合調研組2025-08-25 07:58

證券時報、西藏日報“從資本市場看地方高質量發展”大型融媒報道采訪組日前走進西藏,進行深度調研。

誰是全國經濟增速的“領跑者”?答案或許出乎不少人的意料——西藏。數據顯示,2023年和2024年,西藏地區生產總值(GDP)分別以9.5%和6.3%的增速領跑全國;今年上半年,西藏7.2%的增速較全國平均水平高出1.9個百分點,繼續穩居全國第一。

這片聳立在世界屋脊之上的土地,曾長期背負著“起步晚、底子薄、體量小”的標簽。邊陲區位、交通掣肘和嚴苛的自然環境,更被視為難以逾越的發展“天塹”。今年,是西藏自治區成立60周年,年初召開的西藏自治區兩會描繪了宏偉的發展藍圖——2025年地區生產總值預期增長7%以上、力爭達到8%。西藏正以昂揚之姿奮馬揚鞭、迎頭趕上,改寫外界的固有印象。

雪域高原經濟發展的底氣,源自何處?證券時報、西藏日報“從資本市場看地方高質量發展”大型融媒報道采訪組日前走進西藏,走訪當地政府部門、監管部門、上市企業、擬上市企業以及援藏央國企,探尋西藏經濟高速發展的內在邏輯。調研發現,政策甘霖正在持續浸潤、特色資源加速轉化、區域價值深度重估,蓄積起西藏經濟跨越式發展的澎湃勢能,打開了高質量發展的廣闊空間。

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用好政策高地:構建區域發展“強磁場”

飛往拉薩的航班上,透過舷窗那一方小小天地,可窺得連綿的雪山,如同地球的脊梁橫亙天際,與遼闊蒼穹相接,鋪展成一片廣袤的高原美景。

在這片神奇的土地上,一場經濟變革正在悄然發生。中央給予西藏的金融、稅收等優惠政策,猶如春風化雨,澆灌出蓬勃的經濟活力。

2023年,西藏印發推動企業上市的“格桑花行動”計劃,這是西藏資本市場發展史上第一個高規格、系統性、專業性的企業上市行動計劃。西藏甘露藏藥股份有限公司(以下簡稱“甘露藏藥”)是西藏甘露藏醫藥產業集團有限公司控股子公司,是西藏藏醫藥龍頭企業,現階段正在貫徹落實自治區推出的“格桑花行動”計劃,積極推進企業上市工作,計劃今年內完成戰略投資者引進工作,爭取2026年申報新三板。

甘露藏藥公司外景航拍。攝影:宋春雨

一個陽光正好的午后,85后甘露藏藥黨委書記、董事長格勒巴桑接待了采訪組一行。這位藏族青年曾求學于清華大學、康奈爾大學等國內外知名學府,最終還是聽從了雪域高原的召喚,舉家回到了這里。“甘露藏藥是一家老國企,對公司而言,上市不是目的,是手段,希望通過上市倒逼市場化機制體制改革。”格勒巴桑說。

自2016年起,中國證監會對西藏企業IPO實施“即報即審,審過即發”的優惠政策。這項政策在“堅持程序不降,標準不減”的前提下,為符合條件的西藏企業提供上市政策支持。

上市公司大多是細分行業的龍頭企業,其上市融資可為相關產業帶來上下游的強鏈、補鏈、延鏈,賦能西藏經濟發展。2024年,西藏22家上市公司在藏納稅24.83億元、占西藏稅收收入的14%,新增在藏投資5.82億元。

眼下,政策賦能的“窗口”仍然對西藏企業敞開著。一批批企業正打算用好政策高地,賦能區域經濟發展。西藏自治區黨委金融辦副主任、自治區地方金融管理局副局長王建豐表示,在“格桑花行動”計劃推動下,西藏已建立分層次、分行業、分梯隊的上市后備企業重點資源庫,累計篩選確定入庫上市后備企業115家,其中成熟期企業23家、成長期企業46家、初創期企業46家。

“我們將用好用足用活中央賦予西藏企業上市的優惠政策,全面實行‘培育一批、股改一批、輔導一批、申報一批、上市一批、做強一批’的‘六個一批’的梯次推進模式,著力打造具有區域特色、質地優良、競爭力較強的多層次資本市場‘西藏板塊’。”王建豐說。

政策高地不僅限于資本市場。在間接融資領域,目前西藏執行全國最低的優惠貸款利率,較全國基準利率低2個百分點。今年二季度末,西藏平均貸款利率僅為1.46%,其中,中小微企業平均貸款利率更是低至1.15%。

今年5月16日剛在港交所上市的綠茶集團,自2016年在西藏注冊以來,通過享受優惠政策累計獲得銀行貸款約7億元,減免稅收1.38億元。

抬升價值洼地:培育經濟突圍“爆破手”

盡管坐擁“政策高地”,西藏經濟仍因基礎薄弱長期處于價值洼地的狀態。面對這一發展困境,西藏正在奮力直追。

2023年7月,中國共產黨西藏自治區第十屆委員會第四次全體會議審議通過《中共西藏自治區委員會關于完整準確全面貫徹新發展理念 推動高原經濟高質量發展的意見》。自此,“推動高原經濟高質量發展”成為全區上下的行動共識。2023年,西藏七項經濟指標增速全國第一;2024年,西藏八項經濟指標增速全國第一。

“價值洼地”成為資本掘金的“新戰場”,產業各方把西藏特色轉化為經濟突圍的引擎。高爭民爆總經理巴桑頓珠表示,公司正圍繞主業實施戰略性布局,持續鞏固西藏民爆行業龍頭地位。據透露,公司在高原爆破器材和設備領域已形成獨特技術優勢,旗下上海芯片公司成功研發的高精度高原型數碼電子雷管控制模塊,已在市場中實現廣泛應用。

高爭民爆公司監控中心外景。攝影:宋春雨

從“賣產品”到“賣服務”,在西藏高質量發展的征途中,高爭民爆致力于將高原特色轉化為發展優勢,打造具有西藏特色的民爆產業標桿。

類似這樣經濟突圍中的“爆破手”,在西藏正不斷涌現。采訪現場,甘露藏藥相關負責人熟練地打開手機,向采訪組一行展示起與海外客戶溝通交流的畫面,屏幕上的文字與語音記錄,搭建起藏藥走向世界的橋梁。今年6月,甘露藏藥拿到出口許可證,公司7個核心藥品獲準出口,這是藏藥首次走出國門,邁向國際市場。

“藏藥的盤子還很小,仍處于發展階段,未來的發展空間非常大。”格勒巴桑向記者表示,公司目前正在實施“雙輪驅動”戰略,大力開拓國際市場的同時也在深耕國內市場,“今年收入有望突破3億元”。

目前,甘露藏藥正著力構建藏醫藥全產業鏈生態體系,通過整合上下游資源打造產業聚合平臺,向世界一流藏藥生產企業邁進。去年,格勒巴桑及其團隊調研走訪了西藏主要藏藥企業,致力于藏藥企業的價值重構。他向記者闡述了公司“三步走”的發展戰略:“第一步聚焦藏藥,推動企業上市;第二步從藏藥延伸至藏醫;第三步是擴展到大健康領域,推動藏醫藥與旅游、文化、康養等融合,進一步為藏醫藥高質量發展賦能增效。”

價值重估,離不開金融的“源頭活水”。位于拉薩金珠西路上的浦銀大廈,已于今年3月13日正式啟用。這座金融新地標將引入銀河證券、東方財富證券和東方證券等頭部金融機構。同時,浦銀大廈還被賦予多重戰略定位:擬打造成為西藏“格桑花行動”計劃的孵化地、服務在藏企業全生命周期基地和“引企入藏”的落戶基地,以及拉薩產業基金孵化企業的聚集地。浦發銀行拉薩分行行長趙晉義說:“后續將依托總行的區位優勢,不斷匯集長三角金融要素企業,共同服務好西藏經濟社會發展。”

不斷匯聚的金融資源,加持金融業迅速成為拉動西藏經濟增長的首要動力。2024年西藏金融業以9項指標增速全國第一實現跨越式發展:全年實現金融業增加值266.82億元、同比增長15.9%、對西藏經濟增長的貢獻率近四分之一,拉動GDP增長1.6個百分點。這一強勁勢頭在今年上半年得以持續,金融業增加值達118.85億元,同比增長26.7%,增速居全國第一,直接拉動西藏地區GDP增長2.9個百分點。

“西藏金融業大有可為,將堅持以‘用’為導向,加大金融產品供給,引導金融機構開發適合高原經濟發展、高原生態環境、高原群眾所需的產品和服務。”王建豐說。

挖掘資源寶地:書寫特色產業“大文章”

冰川融水滋養的清潔能源、雪域饋贈的礦產資源以及天地共生的生態秘境……西藏獨特的生態資源稟賦正成為產業投資的“磁石”,各類產業企業深耕這片資源寶地,將特色資源轉化為發展動能,書寫特色產業“大文章”。

清潔能源是西藏重點發展的九大產業之一。7月19日,總投資約1.2萬億元的雅魯藏布江下游水電工程正式開工,5座梯級電站將形成6000萬千瓦裝機容量,相當于再建三個“三峽”,為中國能源結構轉型注入“高原力量”。

在西藏林芝市巴宜區境內的尼洋河干流上,多布水電站四臺機組正在晝夜不停地作業。該水電站是國內海拔最高的燈泡貫流式機組電廠。國家能源集團尼洋河公司黨委書記、董事長吳智平站在水庫前自豪地說,多布水電站建設之初,有擔心這會破壞生態環境,事實證明,多布水電站開發非但沒有破壞生態,反而成為動物棲息地、網紅打卡地。

國能(西藏)多布水電站外景航拍。 攝影:宋春雨

“在保護中開發,在開發中保護。”吳智平稱,多布水電站積極打造綠色環保電站,為此建設了魚類增殖放流站,已累計增殖放流123萬尾。

西藏獨特的生態環境本身就是珍貴的旅游資源。采訪組一行在機場偶遇西藏旅游總裁王景啟時,他正腳步匆匆準備趕往西安,參加次日在西安舉辦的西藏旅游新產品推介會。此次推介會上,西藏旅游聯合西藏機場集團等生態戰略伙伴發布進藏新產品、新游線和新玩法,涵蓋巍峨壯麗的雪山冰川、煙火氣濃郁的藏域特色村落、秘境叢林徒步以及充滿儀式感的轉山轉湖文化體驗。

王景啟表示,林芝核心片區以三大不可復制的優勢領跑高原旅游:一是林芝核心區植被覆蓋率超80%,含氧量平均高達80%以上;二是核心景區被聯合國環境規劃署認證為全球最完整的九大垂直自然帶;三是冬暖夏涼,氣候宜人,冬季氣溫不低于零下10攝氏度,夏季平均氣溫為25攝氏度。

在王景啟看來,上述優勢成就了“高原反應風險最低、景觀梯度最豐富、氣候舒適度最高”的“雪域江南”。在此基礎上,西藏旅游各景區推出了“旅游+康養”“旅游+體育”等主題產品,以及文旅融合體驗項目,滿足不同客群差異化消費需求。

上海美妝巨頭自然堂也是用好西藏特色資源的典型案例。2020年,自然堂投資2000多萬元,在林芝設立喜馬拉雅研發中心,這也是首家在西藏設立研發中心的美妝企業。目前,該研發中心已升級為林芝喜馬拉雅第三極生物科技有限公司。

林芝喜馬拉雅第三極生物科技有限公司倉庫內,來自喜馬拉雅的茶葉、龍膽花、冰川水等西藏特色資源整齊地擺放著,這些特色資源經過處理后,將變為化妝品的原料或添加劑,實現“綠水青山”向“金山銀山”的價值躍升。林芝喜馬拉雅第三極生物科技有限公司工廠總經理張保生在接受記者采訪時表示,公司只有11名員工,去年營業額已超過1500萬元。

西藏的礦產資源稟賦同樣耀眼。以西藏礦業為例,其擁有西藏羅布莎鉻礦的采礦權,近兩年年產量在10萬噸左右,同時還擁有西藏扎布耶鹽湖采礦權。

“從資本市場看地方高質量發展”大型融媒報道采訪組一行采訪西藏礦業董事長張金濤。攝影:宋春雨

今年以來,西藏礦業一方面推進扎布耶一期項目技改,另一方面積極推進扎布耶二期項目即西藏扎布耶鹽湖綠色綜合開發利用萬噸電池級碳酸鋰項目的建設。“西藏應聚焦礦產資源開發,尤其是國內稀缺的高附加值資源開發,成為國家戰略資源的儲備地。”西藏礦業董事長張金濤向記者表示。

“保護好西藏生態環境,利在千秋、澤被天下”。在這一理念指引下,西藏的特色產業開發走出了一條“生態優先、綠色發展”的路徑,生態與產業得以共生共贏。

以西藏扎布耶鹽湖采礦權項目為例,其開發起步晚,對生態環境的保護絲毫未放松,不僅工藝綠色環保,就連能源也來自西藏礦業通過BOO模式(建設—擁有—運營模式)建設的光伏光熱電站(中國寶武旗下子公司寶武清能承建),被稱為“零碳項目”。

以政策為帆、資源為槳,站在西藏自治區成立60周年的新起點,西藏正在經濟發展的澎湃浪潮中乘風破浪、奮勇前行。未來,西藏必將綻放雪域高原經濟的繁榮之花,展現“世界屋脊”的發展奇跡。

(調研組成員:證券時報程國慧、胡學文、張淑賢、宋春雨,西藏日報李梅英)

校對:劉榕枝

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