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萬億AI獨角獸+1!
來源:證券時報網作者:周春媚2025-09-03 18:36

最新一輪融資落地后,全球前三大AI獨角獸分別是字節跳動、OpenAI和Anthropic。

北京時間9月3日凌晨,全球人工智能領域迎來一則重磅消息——OpenAI最強勁的對手、大模型公司Anthropic宣布完成130億美元F輪融資,投后估值飆升至1830億美元(約合1.3萬億元人民幣),估值相較今年3月E輪融資后的615億美元飆漲近3倍。

這項交易由ICONIQ Capital、富達投資和光速創投共同領投,其他投資者包括其新加坡政府投資公司、卡塔爾投資局等。值得注意的是,本輪融資規模遠超預期,據外媒報道,Anthropic最初的融資目標為50億美元,后來上調至100億美元,最終落在130億美元,顯示了投資者對Anthropic的強勁興趣。

不到5年融資超300億美元

Anthropic成立于2021年,由前OpenAI研究副總裁達里奧·阿莫迪和前OpenAI安全政策部門副總裁丹妮拉·阿莫迪等人聯合創立。創始團隊中多人來自OpenAI核心研發部門,且曾參與GPT系列大模型的早期研發工作,因此誕生之初便被視為OpenAI的“最強挑戰者”。

由于不滿OpenAI在技術還不夠安全的情況下快速推進商業化,創始團隊2021年選擇離職創業,專注于開發可靠、可解釋的人工智能系統。在頂尖人才的支撐下,Anthropic很快就研發出了可與ChatGPT媲美的Claude系列大模型。今年8月,Anthropic發布了最新的Claude 4.1模型,在智能體工具調用與多語言問答能力上超越OpenAI o3。

回顧融資歷程,Anthropic的資本之路可謂一路高歌猛進。加上本輪融資,Anthropic自成立至今已完成9輪融資,融資額超300億美元。

2021年5月,Anthropic完成金額為1.24億美元的A輪融資。值得注意的是,本輪早期融資就已獲得了前Facebook聯合創始人Dustin Moskovitz的支持。2023年2月,Anthropic更是獲得了谷歌3億美元的戰略投資,谷歌也在后續的多輪融資中持續追加投資,形成了谷歌+Anthropic和微軟+OpenAI的競爭格局。

從2021年A輪的1.24億美元到2025年F輪的130億美元,Anthropic的融資節奏與估值增長呈現出“指數級躍遷”特征。

Claude Code成營收爆發核心引擎

Anthropic為什么能夠在短時間內獲得投資者的瘋狂追捧?這主要源于技術和產品的雙輪驅動,核心在于其強勁的技術實力與快速放大的商業化能力。

根據Anthropic官方披露數據,截至今年8月,公司的年化收入已突破50億美元,較年初的10億美元實現5倍增長,成為歷史上增長最快的科技公司之一。此外,Anthropic還透露,公司開發的編程工具Claude Code年化收入超過5億美元,3個月內使用量增長了10倍以上。

Claude Code是今年2月Anthropic推出的AI編程工具,并于今年5月宣布全面開放。在Anthropic的聲明中,Claude Code是被重點提及的主角。公司表示,“對于企業而言,我們的API(應用程序接口)和行業特定產品使其能夠輕松地將強大的AI添加到其關鍵應用程序中,而無需進行復雜的集成工作,已成為開發者的首選工具?!睋?,Anthropic目前擁有企業客戶超30萬家,且大型客戶數量在過去一年增長了近7倍。

此外,Anthropic在商業模式上也展現出成熟度。據了解公司財務狀況的知情人士透露,Anthropic通過直接向客戶銷售其AI模型和Claude聊天機器人實現的毛利率約為60%,并有望向70%邁進,反映了核心產品的盈利效率。

不過公司的云服務業務仍處于虧損狀態。Anthropic主要通過亞馬遜云(AWS)和谷歌云銷售其模型,這部分業務在今年早些時候的毛利率為負30%。市場分析稱,這可能是因為作為Anthropic投資者的亞馬遜和谷歌,在向其云客戶轉售模型時會抽取相當大一部分收入。

萬億估值是實力還是泡沫?

當前,全球人工智能競賽已進入白熱化階段,頭部明星公司的融資規模和估值更是屢創新高。據全球咨詢公司Crunchbase數據,今年第二季度全球約有400億美元的風險投資資金流向AI領域,其中基礎模型公司籌集55億美元。

Anthropic此次F輪融資堪稱AI領域近年來規模最大的單輪融資之一。在此輪融資落地后,全球前三大AI獨角獸分別是字節跳動(估值3300億美元,約合2.4萬億元人民幣)、OpenAI(估值3000億美元,約合2.2萬億元人民幣)、Anthropic(估值1830億美元,約合1.3萬億元人民幣)。

此外,OpenAI最近幾個月也頻頻傳來融資以及上市的相關消息。今年8月初,據外媒援引知情人士消息,OpenAI正以約5000億美元的估值對現任和前任員工潛在的股票二次出售展開初步談判。若股票二次出售的交易成功,OpenAI的賬面估值將較此前的3000億美元估值增長約三分之二,并將一舉超越SpaceX,成為全球最具價值的獨角獸。8月20日,OpenAI首席財務官Sarah Friar公開表示,將考慮在未來某個時間點上市。

高估值也頻頻引發關于“AI泡沫”的討論。雖然支持者認為高估值背后有堅實的收入增長和技術突破作為支撐,但批評人士也指出,當前許多AI公司的估值建立在對未來收入的樂觀預測之上,實際盈利能力仍待驗證。以Anthropic和OpenAI為例,盡管毛利率可觀,但其每年在AI研發、算力采購和人才爭奪上的運營開支極為龐大。而且AI領域市場競爭日趨激烈,谷歌、Meta以及阿里巴巴、DeepSeek等競爭對手也在快速追趕,技術差距正在縮小,一旦出現顛覆性技術或商業模式,當前頭部企業的地位可能迅速動搖。

不過,OpenAI和Anthropic等公司最近的融資表明,目前資本向頭部企業集中的趨勢已經愈發明顯,全球AI基礎模型競爭格局趨于收斂。對于尚在牌桌之上角逐的玩家而言,持續創新、控制成本,并將技術轉化為可持續的商業價值仍然是最大的挑戰。

校對:李凌鋒

責任編輯: 高蕊琦
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